{"id":8826,"date":"2010-01-04T12:06:34","date_gmt":"2010-01-04T11:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bistrobih.ba\/nova\/?page_id=8826"},"modified":"2019-05-12T15:41:20","modified_gmt":"2019-05-12T13:41:20","slug":"potocna-pastrmka-salmo-trutta-m-fario","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.bistrobih.ba\/nova\/potocna-pastrmka-salmo-trutta-m-fario\/","title":{"rendered":"Poto\u010dna pastrmka (Salmo trutta m. fario)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Poto\u010dna pastrmka je slatkovodna, poto\u010dna forma morske pastrmke Salmo trutta. U izvjesnom smislu, ova vrsta je tipi\u010dni predstavnik familije Salmonidae.
\n\"\"<\/a> Jedna je od najpoznatijih i \u0161iroko rasprostranjenih slatkovodnih riba. Oblikom i gra\u0111om, a u velikoj mjeri i bojom svoga tijela, izuzetno je prilago\u0111ena uvjetima stani\u0161ta. Odlikuje se relativno velikom glavom i velikim ustima. Vilice i vomer su snabdjeveni o\u0161trim zubima. Boja tijela je u direktnoj zavisnosti od mjesta njenog obitavanja. Zato se susre\u0107u tamnije, svjetlije, maslinastosme\u0111e i sli\u010dno kolorirane jedinke. Boja le\u0111a je uglavnom maslinastosme\u0111a, dok su bokovi \u017eu\u0107ka-stozeleni. Po tijelu se uo\u010davaju tamne i crvene pjege oivi\u010dene svijetlim rubovima. Cijelo tijelo je pokriveno sitnim, tankim i okruglastim krlju\u0161tima (ljuskama). Mla\u0111e jedinke u prvoj godini \u017eivota imaju na bokovima tijela desetak tamnih ovalnih mrlja, tzv. “mladala\u010dko ruho”, koje nestaje u starijoj dobi.
\nPoto\u010dna pastrmka naseljava planinske vodotoke (potoke, rje\u010dice, i, mnogo rje\u0111e, rijeke), koje odlikuje hladna, bistra i \u010dista voda bogata kiseonikom i sa slabo izra\u017eenim oscilacijama temperature. Naseljava dijelove potoka – rijeka pri dnu i velike virove na te\u0161ko pristupa\u010dnim terenima.
\n\"\"<\/a> Spolnu zrelost dosti\u017ee u drugoj ili tre\u0107oj godini \u017eivota pri tjelesnoj du\u017eini 25–30 cm. \u017denke odla\u017eu 500 do 3.000 jaja dijametra 4,5-5 mm. Prosje\u010dna plodnost je oko 1.500 komada ikre na 1 kg tjelesne mase. Kod poto\u010dne pastrmke je u doba mrijesta (novembar, decembar, a rje\u0111e oktobar ili januar) izra\u017een spolni dimorfizam. Mu\u017ejaci su \u017eivlje obojeni, a trbuh im je ne\u0161to u\u017ei nego kod \u017eenki. Kod \u017eenki je tada trbuh zaobljen, a oko spolnog otvora se uo\u010davaju zacrvenjene otekline. Kod mu\u017ejaka (posebno starijih) donja \u010deljust je ne\u0161to izdu\u017eenija u vidu kljuna. Ova vrsta se u periodu mrijesta karakterizira tzv. mrijesnim migracijama kada jedinke iz donjih dijelova (nizvodnijih) ili akumulacionih jezera (kad imaju slobodan prolaz) kre\u0107u u anadromne migracije do mjesta bli\u017ee izvori\u0161tima. Mrijeste se na pogodnom pjeskovito-\u0161ljunkovitom ili kamenitom dnu sa izra\u017eenim strujanjem vode. \u017denke odla\u017eu ikru na dubini vode od oko 0,5 m. Nakon zavr\u0161enog mrije\u0161\u0107enja ribe migriraju nizvodno (katadromne migracije) na mjesta svog obitavanja.
\nPoto\u010dna pastrmka se hrani faunom dna teku\u0107ice, u prvom redu li\u010dinkama raznih vrsta insekata i predstavnicima ostalih skupina vodenih beski\u010dmenjaka, manjim ribama pa \u010dak i vlastitom mla\u0111i. Du\u017eina \u017eivota ove ribe je do 15 godina, kada naraste i do 1 m du\u017eine i 15 kg tjelesne mase, \u0161to je u direktnoj povezanosti sa uvjetima ishrane. Na njenim prirodnim obitavali\u0161tima (gornji dijelovi teku\u0107ica) naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se love jedinke od 0,30-1,00 kg.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Treba naglasiti izuzetnu potencijalnu mogu\u0107nost rasta ove vrste. A g a n o v i \u0107 (1979) isti\u010de da su zabilje\u017eeni primjeri da u optimalnim uvjetima za dvije godine \u017eivota poto\u010dna pastrmka mo\u017ee narasti i do 1,5 kg. Autor dalje navodi podatke da su ulovljene vrlo krupne jedinke ove vrste, \u010dak i od 124 cm du\u017eine i 25,5 kg mase (u jezeru Lokvar kod Delnica, 1968. godine) i 23 kg (u Plivi kod Jajca, 1975. godine). Ovakvi primjeri potvr\u0111uju konstataciju da je rast poto\u010dne pastrmke udirektnoj vezi sa \u017eivotnim uvjetima stani\u0161ta (fizi\u010dko-hemijski kvalitet vode, koli\u010dina hrane i ostali \u010dinioci koji su u vezi sa veli\u010dinom teku\u0107ice).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u0160iroko je rasprostranjena u hladnim planinskim teku\u0107icama zapadne Evrope, od \u0160panije do Skandinavije, srednje Evrope i Balkana te u planinskim teku\u0107icama Kavkaza. U Bosni i Hercegovini je srazmjerno \u010desta u planinskim teku\u0107icama oba morska sliva. S obzirom na brojnost, kvalitet mesa i rasprostranjene, poto\u010dna pastrmka predstavlja vrlo atraktivnu riblju vrstu za sportski ribolov. U budu\u0107nosti bi trebalo posvetiti veliku pa\u017enju odr\u017eavanju brojnosti i za\u0161tite autohtonih populacija ove plemenite vrste u Bosni i Hercegovini.<\/p>\n

Kod nas, lov na poto\u010daru je dozvoljen umjetnim mamcem, imitacijama mu\u0161ica, i drugim varalicama.Jako oprezna i pla\u0161ljiva riba koja zahtjeva umje\u0107e i strpljenje od ribolovaca koji su namjenili da je ulove.Kad je “ubodena”, izuzetno je borbena i rijetko koji po\u010detnik \u0107e se izboriti i sa osrednjim komadom.Za ribolov mu\u0161icama, najbolji periodi su od aprila do polovine jula, i od avgusta do oktobra, ujutro i predve\u010de, dok za obla\u010dnih dana i poslije ljetne ki\u0161e mo\u017ee “uzimati” tokom \u010ditavog dana.Njeno meso se smatra najkvalitetnijim od svih riba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poto\u010dna pastrmka je slatkovodna, poto\u010dna forma morske pastrmke Salmo trutta. U izvjesnom smislu, ova vrsta je tipi\u010dni predstavnik familije Salmonidae.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":61016,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8826","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nPoto\u010dna pastrmka (Salmo trutta m. fario) - Bistro Bosno i Hercegovino!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bistrobih.ba\/nova\/potocna-pastrmka-salmo-trutta-m-fario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"bs_BA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Poto\u010dna pastrmka (Salmo trutta m. fario) - Bistro Bosno i Hercegovino!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Poto\u010dna pastrmka je slatkovodna, poto\u010dna forma morske pastrmke Salmo trutta. 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